Research has indicated that patients in the United Kingdom experience symptoms for several months before presenting to health services (Corner, Hopkinson, Fitzsimmons, Barclay, & Muers, 2005 Corner, Hopkinson, & Roffe, 2006 Tod, Craven, & Allmark, 2008). Early diagnosis in lung cancer relies mainly on recognition and presentation of warning signs by patients, but awareness of lung cancer symptoms among the public in the United Kingdom appears to be low (Simon etВ al., 2012). The Pathways to Treatment model theorizes the time between first symptom occurrence and diagnosis into three intervals, involving symptom appraisal, helpвЂђseeking, and diagnostic procedures (Scott, Walter, Webster, Sutton, & Emery, 2013).

The time to diagnosis depends on several factors including patient, health care provider, and system factors as well as disease factors (Walter, Webster, Scott, & Emery, 2012). It is estimated that every year up to 1,300 lung cancer deaths could be avoided if the United Kingdom matched the highest survival rates in Europe (Richards, 2009). Delays to diagnosis can lead to advanced stage of disease when treatment is commenced (Radzikowska, RoszkowskiвЂђSliz, & Glaz, 2012), which decreases treatability and chance of survival (Zee, Eisen, & Carney, 2008). Research indicates these low survival rates are attributable to delays to diagnosis (Holmberg etВ al., 2010). Lung cancer survival rates in the United Kingdom are lower than in other European countries that have comparable per capita total national expenditure for health (De Angelis etВ al., 2014 Holmberg etВ al., 2010).

More people die of lung cancer each year than any other cancer types (Fitzmaurice etВ al., 2015).

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